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Abstract:
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Density is one of the most commonly tested characteristics of thermoplastic fibers
and is a function of fiber crystallinity, which has a great impact on dyeing, strength, and
several other yarn and fabric characteristics. Knowledge of sample density, therefore,
provides a wealth of information about the behavior of the fiber during processing and in
finished products and is useful in product development.
The density gradient column has traditionally been used to determine the density of
textile fibers. The gradient column method for determining density requires several hours
to obtain accurate results, requires the use of carcinogenic chemicals, and provides only a
measure of bulk density. Thus, the textile industry would benefit from alternate means of
determining fiber density.
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a method that is used frequently to
identify the characteristics of thermoplastic fibers. DSC can also be used to obtain
information about fiber morphology, blend ratios, and percent add-on of fiber finishes.
The use of DSC can provide quick measurements of fiber characteristics that allow a
better understanding ofthe materials used in the textile industry, which is important to
developing new products, as well as controlling process parameters in rapid response to
quality measures. The results of this research indicated that although DSC does not
provide density measurements as accurately as the density column method, it does
provide a rapid estimate of sample density and a more thorough representation of the
sample composition than does the bulk density measurement provided by the density
column method.
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